一、PXE介绍
PXE(Preboot eXecute Environment,预启动执行环境)是由Intel公司开发的技术,可以让计算机通过网络来启动操作系统(前提是计算机上安装的网卡支持PXE技术),主要用于在无人值守安装系统中引导客户端主机安装Linux操作系统。Kickstart是一种无人值守的安装方式,其工作原理是预先把原本需要运维人员手工填写的参数保存成一个ks.cfg文件,当安装过程中需要填写参数时则自动匹配Kickstart生成的文件。所以只要Kickstart文件包含了安装过程中需要人工填写的所有参数,那么从理论上来讲完全不需要运维人员的干预,就可以自动完成安装工作。
二、工作原理
![](https://blog.chenjiangfeng.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/567bd3e29ec0db53e2ae20c068bb263a_416530ba-5cc7-47aa-afde-50e97416b0e0-1.png)
三、部署步骤
1. 环境规划
操作系统 | IP地址 | 主机名 | 备注 |
Centos7.6 | 192.168.1.20 | PXE | server |
Centos7.6 | DHCP | – |
2. 基础环境准备
关闭selinux
[root@PXE-Node1 ~]# sed -i '/SELINUX=/cSELINUX=disabled' /etc/selinux/config
[root@PXE-Node1 ~]# setenforce 0
关闭firewalld
[root@PXE-Node1 ~]# systemctl stop ebtables firewalld
[root@PXE-Node1 ~]# systemctl disable ebtables firewalld
3. 部署DHCP服务
[root@PXE-Node1 ~]# yum -y install dhcp
[root@PXE-Node1 ~]# cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.2.5/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
[root@PXE-Node1 ~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
allow booting;
allow bootp;
ddns-update-style interim;
ignore client-updates;
subnet 192.168.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.10.100 192.168.10.200;
option domain-name-servers 192.168.10.10;
option domain-name "192.168.10.10";
option routers 192.168.10.2;
option broadcast-address 192.168.10.255;
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
next-server 192.168.10.10;
filename "pxelinux.0";
}
[root@PXE-Node1 ~]# systemctl restart dhcpd
[root@PXE-Node1 ~]# systemctl enable dhcpd
4. 部署TFTP服务
[root@PXE-Node1 ~]# yum -y install tftp-server xinetd
[root@PXE-Node1 ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
service tftp
{
socket_type = dgram
protocol = udp
wait = yes
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
server_args = -s /var/lib/tftpboot
disable = no
per_source = 11
cps = 100 2
flags = IPv4
}
TFTP是一种非常精简的文件传输服务程序,它的运行和关闭是由xinetd网络守护进程服务来管理的。xinetd服务程序会同时监听系统的多个端口,然后根据用户请求的端口号调取相应的服务程序来响应用户的请求。需要开启TFTP服务程序,只需在xinetd服务程序的配置文件中把disable参数改成no就可以了。保存配置文件并退出,然后重启xinetd服务程序,并将其加入到开机启动项中(在RHEL 7系统中,已经默认启用了xinetd服务程序,因此在将其添加到开机启动项中的时候没有输出信息属于正常情况)。
[root@PXE-Node1 ~]# systemctl restart xinetd tftp
[root@PXE-Node1 ~]# systemctl enable xinetd tftp
5. 配置SYSLinux服务程序
SYSLinux是一个用于提供引导加载的服务程序。与其说SYSLinux是一个服务程序,不如说更需要里面的引导文件,在安装好SYSLinux服务程序软件包后,/usr/share/syslinux目录中会出现很多引导文件。
[root@PXE-Node1 ~]# yum -y install syslinux
[root@PXE-Node1 ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/
[root@PXE-Node1 ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/
[root@PXE-Node1 ~]# cp /mnt/images/pxeboot/{vmlinuz,initrd.img} /var/lib/tftpboot/
[root@PXE-Node1 ~]# cp /mnt/isolinux/{vesamenu.c32,boot.msg} /var/lib/tftpboot/
[root@PXE-Node1 ~]# mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
[root@PXE-Node1 ~]# cp /mnt/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
[root@PXE-Node1 ~]# vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=ftp://192.168.10.10 ks=ftp://192.168.10.10/pub/ks.cfg quiet
6. 配置http/ftp服务
[root@PXE-Node1 ~]# yum -y install vsftpd
[root@PXE-Node1 ~]# systemctl restart vsftpd
[root@PXE-Node1 ~]# systemctl enable vsftpd
[root@PXE-Node1 ~]# cp -r /mnt/* /var/ftp/
7. 创建KickStart应答文件
方法一:
[root@PXE-Node1 ~]# cp ~/anaconda-ks.cfg /var/ftp/pub/ks.cfg
[root@PXE-Node1 ~]# chmod a+r /var/ftp/pub/ks.cfg
[root@PXE-Node1 ~]# cat /var/ftp/pub/ks.cfg
#version=DEVEL
# System authorization information
auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
# Use CDROM installation media
url --url=ftp://192.168.10.10
# Use graphical install
graphical
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --enable
ignoredisk --only-use=sda
# Keyboard layouts
keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us'
# System language
lang en_US.UTF-8
# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --ipv6=auto
network --hostname=localhost.localdomain
#Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
#SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $6$ZqzIladlhGgj9gqX$MjGhUXb0iNdm6.VHNc24wT2BdolYo7yJuk63bNWVsh4UIs4E0wIGILlu8OaOZxLyM59hOFhMhXIoh3i2e55.Q1# System services
services --enabled="chronyd"
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc
user --name=chenjf -password=$6$z.A/VtdoMfAx5/bh$XSO4ZkEu24cD4wgbwrf./dQCJ61AoLXhQa8zrrnJgLoVHvW8hznad3zwdIQfc0juY5edTM8EFORBV5vxhwZvS/ --iscrypted --gecos="chenjf"
# X Window System configuration information
xconfig --startxonboot
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr --boot-drive=sda
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Disk partitioning information
part /boot --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=1024
part pv.253 --fstype="lvmpv" --ondisk=sda --size=121855
volgroup centos --pesize=4096 pv.253
logvol /soft --fstype="xfs" --size=15356 --name=soft --vgname=centos
logvol swap --fstype="swap" --size=4096 --name=swap --vgname=centos
logvol / --fstype="xfs" --size=102400 --name=root --vgname=centos
%packages
@^graphical-server-environment
@base
@core
@desktop-debugging
@dial-up
@fonts
@gnome-desktop
@guest-agents
@guest-desktop-agents
@hardware-monitoring
@input-methods
@internet-browser
@multimedia
@print-client
@x11
chrony
%end
%addon com_redhat_kdump --disable --reserve-mb='auto'
%end
方法二:
[root@PXE-Node1 ~]# yum -y install system-config-kickstart
[root@PXE-Node1 ~]# system-config-kickstart
![](https://blog.chenjiangfeng.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/567bd3e29ec0db53e2ae20c068bb263a_9d1cd179-c1de-4f48-a892-939c380669d8-1.png)
![](https://blog.chenjiangfeng.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/567bd3e29ec0db53e2ae20c068bb263a_f17afb5b-5363-49b0-ab22-de438b3b6939-1.png)
![](https://blog.chenjiangfeng.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/567bd3e29ec0db53e2ae20c068bb263a_dac03fc5-193e-4132-91a4-b8a8bb42a902-1.png)
![](https://blog.chenjiangfeng.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/567bd3e29ec0db53e2ae20c068bb263a_be3e470e-6627-459a-b314-52767a04e078-1.png)
![](https://blog.chenjiangfeng.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/567bd3e29ec0db53e2ae20c068bb263a_bb10cb8d-f180-4c7f-b41c-d289d5c733a1-1.png)
![](https://blog.chenjiangfeng.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/567bd3e29ec0db53e2ae20c068bb263a_e66383f9-dbf3-48ca-b21b-403eac51387f-1.png)
![](https://blog.chenjiangfeng.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/567bd3e29ec0db53e2ae20c068bb263a_88e4d655-6ba9-49d9-a2a8-03dd750cb597-1.png)
![](https://blog.chenjiangfeng.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/567bd3e29ec0db53e2ae20c068bb263a_aee6e8d5-8ab8-40e8-baac-a6c3b5b4acec-1.png)
![](https://blog.chenjiangfeng.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/567bd3e29ec0db53e2ae20c068bb263a_30725235-348a-42e2-8bcd-b4201584ddee-1.png)
![](https://blog.chenjiangfeng.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/567bd3e29ec0db53e2ae20c068bb263a_b1e91bdf-7ee8-4109-a2d1-a9a9a0a7f67e-1.png)
![](https://blog.chenjiangfeng.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/567bd3e29ec0db53e2ae20c068bb263a_4b6d224f-0689-4df1-b157-b602ea54905b-1.png)
![](https://blog.chenjiangfeng.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/567bd3e29ec0db53e2ae20c068bb263a_0b50a0c8-71ce-4564-a943-18a6d309de19-1.png)
![](https://blog.chenjiangfeng.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/567bd3e29ec0db53e2ae20c068bb263a_80aadc86-ad6f-4ab7-81fb-fae840f5be96-1.png)
![](https://blog.chenjiangfeng.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/567bd3e29ec0db53e2ae20c068bb263a_8e5436f0-3440-4686-8b14-14b59466b581-1.png)
8. 客户端测试:
![](https://blog.chenjiangfeng.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/567bd3e29ec0db53e2ae20c068bb263a_12df9c78-692b-4686-8eeb-a3602e338d5a-1.png)
![](https://blog.chenjiangfeng.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/567bd3e29ec0db53e2ae20c068bb263a_75163aa9-2800-4dec-9b4d-54da2b050213-1.png)
![](https://blog.chenjiangfeng.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/567bd3e29ec0db53e2ae20c068bb263a_dbea0770-723f-437f-a717-664bd786770c-1.png)
![](https://blog.chenjiangfeng.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/567bd3e29ec0db53e2ae20c068bb263a_a9252161-ab99-4690-be6f-3185b6260b3f-1.png)
![](https://blog.chenjiangfeng.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/567bd3e29ec0db53e2ae20c068bb263a_1443d027-2fc3-4b75-99b0-f6c0723dd86e-1.png)
![](https://blog.chenjiangfeng.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/567bd3e29ec0db53e2ae20c068bb263a_b3da1e02-05ca-4888-86b0-483ef0888feb-1.png)
![](https://blog.chenjiangfeng.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/567bd3e29ec0db53e2ae20c068bb263a_50bc130f-f605-4433-9d5d-25f8fde3d958-1.png)
![](https://blog.chenjiangfeng.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/567bd3e29ec0db53e2ae20c068bb263a_393d0717-5ae7-488e-aacd-4d473b7cde50-1.png)
![](https://blog.chenjiangfeng.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/567bd3e29ec0db53e2ae20c068bb263a_4deb92e5-1db6-4fe2-8705-39bdd97c735e-1.png)
![](https://blog.chenjiangfeng.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/567bd3e29ec0db53e2ae20c068bb263a_efe0ec49-0939-4226-b1df-ed2340142954-1.jpg)
![](https://blog.chenjiangfeng.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/567bd3e29ec0db53e2ae20c068bb263a_425e6b74-67c9-44f9-9528-69add41ed644-1.jpg)
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