Cobbler自动化部署

[root@cobbler ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core) 
[root@cobbler ~]# 

[root@cobbler ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
[root@cobbler ~]# 

[root@Cobbler ~]# setenforce 0

[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl stop ebtables firewalld
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl disable ebtables firewalld
[root@cobbler ~]# 

[root@cobbler ~]# ifconfig eth0 |awk -F '[ :]+' 'NR==2 {print $3}' 
192.168.1.51
[root@cobbler ~]# 

[root@cobbler ~]# hostname
cobbler
[root@cobbler ~]# 

[root@Cobbler ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
[root@Cobbler ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
[root@cobbler ~]# 

[root@Cobbler ~]# yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web pykickstart httpd dhcp tftp xinetd
cobbler                 #cobbler程序包
cobbler-web         #cobbler的web服务包
pykickstart           #cobbler检查kickstart语法错误
httpd                    #Apache web服务
dhcp                   #Dhcp服务
tftp                      #tftp服务

启动cobbler httpd服务
[root@Cobbler ~]# systemctl start cobblerd httpd
[root@Cobbler ~]# systemctl enable cobblerd httpd
检查配置文件，需要在cobbler和httpd启动的情况下检查
[root@Cobbler ~]# cobbler check        ###检查存在的问题，逐一解决
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.
2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.
3 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
4 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
5 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl
6 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
7 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one
8 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

解决方法：
1、修改/etc/cobbler/settings文件中的server参数的值为提供cobbler服务的主机相应的IP地址或主机名，如server: 10.0.0.101；
[root@Cobbler ~]# sed -i 's/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.1.51/' /etc/cobbler/settings
2、修改/etc/cobbler/settings文件中的next_server参数的值为提供PXE服务的主机相应的IP地址，如next_server: 192.168.1.21；
[root@Cobbler ~]# sed -i 's/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 192.168.1.51/' /etc/cobbler/settings
3、修改/etc/xinetd.d/tftp文件中的disable参数修改为 disable = no
[root@Cobbler ~]# sed -i 's/yes/no/' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp 
4、执行 cobbler get-loaders 命令；否则，需要安装syslinux程序包，而后复制/usr/share/syslinux/{pxelinux.0,memu.c32}等文件至/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/目录中；
[root@Cobbler ~]# cobbler get-loaders 
5、启动rsync服务并加入开机自启动即可；
[root@Cobbler ~]# systemctl restart rsyncd
[root@Cobbler ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd
6、如果有强迫症可以选择 yum –y install debmirror 然后根据错误进行解决,一般错误如下。
注释/etc/dedmirror.conf文件中的 @dists=”sid”; @arches=”i386”;
[root@Cobbler ~]# yum -y install debmirror
[root@Cobbler ~]# sed -i 's/@dists="sid";/#@dists="sid"/' /etc/debmirror.conf 
[root@Cobbler ~]# sed -i 's/@arches="i386";/#@arches="i386";/' /etc/debmirror.conf 
7、修改默认管理员密码
[root@cobbler ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt '$(openssl rand -hex 4)' 'centos'
$1$$(openss$uMj.Tm5M/H2WZHi29hlAl.
[root@cobbler ~]# 

[root@cobbler-node1~]# grep "default_password_crypted" /etc/cobbler/settings      #替换/etc/cobbler/setting内的default_password_crypted
default_password_crypted: "$1$$(openss$uMj.Tm5M/H2WZHi29hlAl."

8、安装cman fence-agents软件包即可
[root@Cobbler ~]# yum -y install cman fence-agents

[root@Cobbler ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd

[root@Cobbler ~]# cobbler check
No configuration problems found. All systems go.

[root@Cobbler ~]# sed -i 's/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1 /g' /etc/cobbler/settings  #使用cobbler管理dhcp
[root@Cobbler ~]# cat /etc/cobbler/settings |grep manage_dhcp

[root@Cobbler ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template  #修改cobbler的dhcp模版，因为cobbler会替换。
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
     option routers             192.168.1.1;
     option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1;
     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;
     range dynamic-bootp        192.168.1.10 192.168.1.50;
     default-lease-time         21600;
     max-lease-time             43200;
     next-server                $next_server;

[root@Cobbler ~]# systemctl restart xinetd        #重启xinetd服务
[root@Cobbler ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd    ##重启cobbler服务
[root@Cobbler ~]# cobbler sync        ##同步最新cobbler配置，可以看具体做了哪些操作

[root@cobbler ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt		 #挂在ISO光盘至服务器
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@cobbler ~]# 

[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt --name=Centos7.6  --arch=x86_64
task started: 2019-08-23_102608_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Fri Aug 23 10:26:08 2019)
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos7.6-x86_64:
creating new distro: Centos7.6-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos7.6-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/Centos7.6-x86_64
creating new profile: Centos7.6-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos7.6-x86_64 for Centos7.6-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos7.6-x86_64
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos7.6-x86_64
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos7.6-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos7.6-x86_64/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@cobbler ~]# 

[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler distro list		##列出所有的distro
   Centos7.6-x86_64
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile list		##导入distro会自动生成profile
   Centos7.6-x86_64
[root@cobbler ~]# 

如果有kickstart文件，也可以使用--kickstart=/path/to/kickstart_file进行导入，因此import会自动为导入的distro生成一个profile

[root@Cobbler ~]# cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-7.6-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7.6-x86_64.cfg  #指定ks路径

[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile edit --name=Centos7.6-x86_64 --kopts='netifnames=0 biosdevname=0'    ##修改centos7内核

[root@Cobbler ~]# cobbler repo add --name=base --mirror=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.6.1810/os/x86_64/Packages/ --arch=x86_64 --breed=yum                        ##添加yum源
[root@Cobbler ~]# cobbler reposync              ##同步yum源
[root@Cobbler ~]# cobbler sync                ##每次修改profile都需要同步

[root@Cobbler ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/pxe/pxedefault.template 

DEFAULT menu
PROMPT 0
MENU TITLE Happy峰 | http://blog.chenjiangfeng.cn
TIMEOUT 200
TOTALTIMEOUT 6000
ONTIMEOUT $pxe_timeout_profile

LABEL local
        MENU LABEL (local)
        MENU DEFAULT
        LOCALBOOT -1

$pxe_menu_items

MENU end

cobbler sync

[root@Cobbler ~]# cobbler system add --name=chenjf-pc --mac=00:0C:29:CD:7C:3D --profile=Centos-7.6-x86_64  --
ip-address=192.168.1.111 --subnet=255.255.255.0 --gateway=192.168.1.1 --interface=eth0 --static=1 --hostname=chenjiangfeng.cn --name-servers="114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8"
[root@Cobbler ~]# cobbler sync
[root@Cobbler ~]# cobbler system list
   chenjf-pc
[root@Cobbler ~]# 

注释：
system add  #  添加定制系统
name  # 定制系统名称
mac # mac地址
profile #指定profile
ip-address # 指定IP地址
subnet # 指定子网掩码
gateway # 指定网关
interface # 指定网卡，eth0上面配置已经修改，centos7默认网卡名称不是eth0
static # 1表示启用静态IP
hostname # 定义hostname
name-server # dns服务器
kickstart # 指定ks文件

配置成功后我们可以查看到刚才定制的系统

#添加用户名和密码
useradd test 
echo "123456" | passwd --stdin test
#修改认证方式为pam
vim /etc/cobbler/modules.conf
[authentication]
module = authn_pam
#添加系统用户到cobbler中
vim /etc/cobbler/users.conf
[admins]
admin = "test"
#重启服务
systemctl restart cobblerd
cobbler sync
#进入web界面，注意是https不是http
https://192.168.1.21/cobbler_web/

编辑文件/etc/cobbler/modules.conf
vim /etc/cobbler/modules.conf
[authentication]
module = authn_configfile

[authorization]
module = authz_allowall
设置登录用户
htdigest -c /etc/cobbler/users.digest "admin" admin
重启httpd cobblerd服务
systemctl restart cobblerd httpd

web界面访问
https://192.168.1.21/cobbler_web/

[root@Cobbler ~]# wget http://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py 
[root@Cobbler ~]# python get-pip.py
[root@Cobbler ~]# pip install Django==1.8.9
[root@Cobbler ~]# python -c "import django; print(django.get_version())"
[root@Cobbler ~]# systemctl restart httpd